Beschreibung:

Byzantine 'Greek Fire' Fire Bomb or Hand Grenade Group 9th-11th century AD A group of three hollow ceramic vessels each with conical body, intended to be filled with explosive liquid and a wick, and used as a hand grenade; two with circumferential bands and tiered necks. 2 kg total, 11.2-15cm (4 1/2 - 6"). Fine condition. [3, No Reserve] Provenance Property of a North West London gentleman; part of his father's collection formed during the 1980s; accompanied by an academic paper by military specialist Dr Raffaele D'Amato dated 15 July 2019 and titled Eastern Roman Empire - Greek Fire Bomb or Hand Grenade (μεσαίον kακάβιον) 9th-11th century AD. Literature Cf. Arendt, W. I., Granaten des 13-14. Jahrhunderts, die an der Wolga gefunden sind, Zeitschrift fur Historische Waffen-und Kostumkunde, 11 (1926-8), p.42; Arendt, W., Die Spharisch-konischen Gefasse aus Gebranntem Ton, ibid.; Ayalon, D., Gunpowder and Firearms in the Mamluk Kingdom, London, 1956, p.16.