MEDIEVAL BRONZE ENAMELLED DIFFERENCED ROYAL HERALDIC HORSE HARNESS PENDANT 1198-1340 AD A flat-section cast harness mount in the form of a heater shield with champ-levé enamel; the design comprising three lions passant gardant on a red field with a blue enamel label in chief, the cadency mark for the eldest son, the loop absent. 9.06 grams, 31 mm (1 1/4"). Very fine condition, enamel complete. Rare. Provenance Ex Thompson collection; found Hull, UK, before 2009. Footnotes The royal arms comprised three gold lions passant gardant on a red field from 1198–1340 AD when King Edward III quartered the Royal Arms of England with those of France. The systematic use of cadency is usually regarded as having begun during the reign of Edward III (13 November 1312 – 21 June 1377) which is too late for the adoption of the label on the pre-1340 arms. Edward III's son, Edward the Black Prince, used the quartered arms, as seen on his tomb in Canterbury cathedral. Therefore, the pre-1340 royal arms of Edward III with the label difference-mark must refer to Edward I, Edward II or Edward III before their respective fathers' deaths. In A Complete Guide to Heraldry published in 1909, Fox-Davies attributes the royal arms with the label to Edmund Crouchback, earl of Lancaster, second son of Henry III in figure 701; as a second son, Edmund should have borne arms differenced with a crescent. In the same volume, Fox-Davies assigns similar arms to Thomas, earl of Lancaster, Edmund Crouchback's son (fig.702), to Henry, duke of Lancaster (from his seal of 1358 AD) (fig.704) and to Edward of Caernarvon, later Edward II. The balance of probabilities favours Edward II as the likely bearer of the arms.
MEDIEVAL BRONZE ENAMELLED DIFFERENCED ROYAL HERALDIC HORSE HARNESS PENDANT 1198-1340 AD A flat-section cast harness mount in the form of a heater shield with champ-levé enamel; the design comprising three lions passant gardant on a red field with a blue enamel label in chief, the cadency mark for the eldest son, the loop absent. 9.06 grams, 31 mm (1 1/4"). Very fine condition, enamel complete. Rare. Provenance Ex Thompson collection; found Hull, UK, before 2009. Footnotes The royal arms comprised three gold lions passant gardant on a red field from 1198–1340 AD when King Edward III quartered the Royal Arms of England with those of France. The systematic use of cadency is usually regarded as having begun during the reign of Edward III (13 November 1312 – 21 June 1377) which is too late for the adoption of the label on the pre-1340 arms. Edward III's son, Edward the Black Prince, used the quartered arms, as seen on his tomb in Canterbury cathedral. Therefore, the pre-1340 royal arms of Edward III with the label difference-mark must refer to Edward I, Edward II or Edward III before their respective fathers' deaths. In A Complete Guide to Heraldry published in 1909, Fox-Davies attributes the royal arms with the label to Edmund Crouchback, earl of Lancaster, second son of Henry III in figure 701; as a second son, Edmund should have borne arms differenced with a crescent. In the same volume, Fox-Davies assigns similar arms to Thomas, earl of Lancaster, Edmund Crouchback's son (fig.702), to Henry, duke of Lancaster (from his seal of 1358 AD) (fig.704) and to Edward of Caernarvon, later Edward II. The balance of probabilities favours Edward II as the likely bearer of the arms.
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