U.S. CONSTITUTION, BILL OF RIGHTS]. "Amendments to the Constitution. In the House of Representatives, of the Congress of the United States, Tuesday the 28th July 1789," in The Pennsylvania Gazette , No.3089, Wednesday 12 August 1789. Philadelphia: Hall and Sellers, 1789.
U.S. CONSTITUTION, BILL OF RIGHTS]. "Amendments to the Constitution. In the House of Representatives, of the Congress of the United States, Tuesday the 28th July 1789," in The Pennsylvania Gazette , No.3089, Wednesday 12 August 1789. Philadelphia: Hall and Sellers, 1789. 4pp., folio (16 1/8 by 10 3/8 in.), small holes where once bound, evenly browned, otherwise in fine original condition with full margins. "BEFORE THE WORDS 'WE THE PEOPLE'...ADD...'": THE EARLIEST HOUSE DRAFTS OF THE BILL OF RIGHTS AND OTHER AMENDMENTS TO THE NEWLY RATIFIED CONSTITUTION A very rare newspaper edition presenting the full text of the first House of Representatives Committee report on amendments to the Constitution, proposing significant textual alterations to the Preamble and, most particularly, to the critical proposed amendments that ultimately constituted the Bill of Rights. When the Constitution was submitted for ratification, there had been a widespread public belief that the new Constitution lacked guarantees of fundamental rights; in certain states ratification was conditional upon the addition of amendments to correct this perceived deficiency. Massachusetts, Virginia, South Carolina, New Hampshire and New York all submitted drafts for these protections to be incorporated in the Constitution, as did James Madison. These competing texts were, in many cases, radically different from each other, and it became the task of a Committee of the House to reconcile and rework them into amendments. Here, the House makes 19 separate recommendations, the first three pertaining to the Preamble and main text. In the proposed draft, what would be the First Amendment comprises two passages: "No religion shall be established by law, nor shall the equal rights of conscience be infringed" and "The freedom of speech, and of the press, and the right of the people peaceably to assemble and consult for their common good, and to apply to the government for redress of grievances, shall not be infringed." Another passage specifically addressed to the states was later deemed redundant: "No state shall infringe the equal rights of conscience, nor the freedom of speech, or of the press, nor the right of trial by jury in criminal cases." While the wording of the second Amendment contains the familiar phrase "the right of the people to keep and bear arms shall not be infringed," it additionally stipulates that: "no person religiously scrupulous shall be compelled to bear arms." The draft of the 3rd Amendment differs only in the omission of two commas present in the final text of the Bill of Rights: "No soldier shall in time of peace be quartered in any house without the consent of the owner, nor in time of war but in a manner to be prescribed by law." The 10th amendment, too, in this draft reads: "The powers not delegated by this Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the states, are reserved to the States respectively." The urge for the Representatives to tinker with the Constitution must at times have been irresistible, as witness the clumsy and prosaic attempt to recast the preamble. The House committee here proposes that "before the words 'We the People,' add, 'Government being intended for the benefit of the people, and the rightful establishment thereof being derived from their authority alone.'" Later, this uninspired and unnecessary modification was dropped, leaving untouched the powerful, familiar phrase of Gouverneur Morris: "We the people of the United States, in Order to form a more perfect Union, establish justice, insure domestic tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote the general welfare, and secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America." The House continued to deliberate and submitted a revised Resolution and Articles of Amendment on 24 August, comprising 13 amendments (Bickford and Veit, pp.35-39); the Senate adopted its Articles of Amendmen
U.S. CONSTITUTION, BILL OF RIGHTS]. "Amendments to the Constitution. In the House of Representatives, of the Congress of the United States, Tuesday the 28th July 1789," in The Pennsylvania Gazette , No.3089, Wednesday 12 August 1789. Philadelphia: Hall and Sellers, 1789.
U.S. CONSTITUTION, BILL OF RIGHTS]. "Amendments to the Constitution. In the House of Representatives, of the Congress of the United States, Tuesday the 28th July 1789," in The Pennsylvania Gazette , No.3089, Wednesday 12 August 1789. Philadelphia: Hall and Sellers, 1789. 4pp., folio (16 1/8 by 10 3/8 in.), small holes where once bound, evenly browned, otherwise in fine original condition with full margins. "BEFORE THE WORDS 'WE THE PEOPLE'...ADD...'": THE EARLIEST HOUSE DRAFTS OF THE BILL OF RIGHTS AND OTHER AMENDMENTS TO THE NEWLY RATIFIED CONSTITUTION A very rare newspaper edition presenting the full text of the first House of Representatives Committee report on amendments to the Constitution, proposing significant textual alterations to the Preamble and, most particularly, to the critical proposed amendments that ultimately constituted the Bill of Rights. When the Constitution was submitted for ratification, there had been a widespread public belief that the new Constitution lacked guarantees of fundamental rights; in certain states ratification was conditional upon the addition of amendments to correct this perceived deficiency. Massachusetts, Virginia, South Carolina, New Hampshire and New York all submitted drafts for these protections to be incorporated in the Constitution, as did James Madison. These competing texts were, in many cases, radically different from each other, and it became the task of a Committee of the House to reconcile and rework them into amendments. Here, the House makes 19 separate recommendations, the first three pertaining to the Preamble and main text. In the proposed draft, what would be the First Amendment comprises two passages: "No religion shall be established by law, nor shall the equal rights of conscience be infringed" and "The freedom of speech, and of the press, and the right of the people peaceably to assemble and consult for their common good, and to apply to the government for redress of grievances, shall not be infringed." Another passage specifically addressed to the states was later deemed redundant: "No state shall infringe the equal rights of conscience, nor the freedom of speech, or of the press, nor the right of trial by jury in criminal cases." While the wording of the second Amendment contains the familiar phrase "the right of the people to keep and bear arms shall not be infringed," it additionally stipulates that: "no person religiously scrupulous shall be compelled to bear arms." The draft of the 3rd Amendment differs only in the omission of two commas present in the final text of the Bill of Rights: "No soldier shall in time of peace be quartered in any house without the consent of the owner, nor in time of war but in a manner to be prescribed by law." The 10th amendment, too, in this draft reads: "The powers not delegated by this Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the states, are reserved to the States respectively." The urge for the Representatives to tinker with the Constitution must at times have been irresistible, as witness the clumsy and prosaic attempt to recast the preamble. The House committee here proposes that "before the words 'We the People,' add, 'Government being intended for the benefit of the people, and the rightful establishment thereof being derived from their authority alone.'" Later, this uninspired and unnecessary modification was dropped, leaving untouched the powerful, familiar phrase of Gouverneur Morris: "We the people of the United States, in Order to form a more perfect Union, establish justice, insure domestic tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote the general welfare, and secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America." The House continued to deliberate and submitted a revised Resolution and Articles of Amendment on 24 August, comprising 13 amendments (Bickford and Veit, pp.35-39); the Senate adopted its Articles of Amendmen
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