Plutarchus. Plutarchi Cheronaei philosophi et historici Vitae comparatae illustrium virorum Graecorum & Romanorum, ita digestae et in tomos tres dispertitae, ut temporum ordo seriesque constet. Hermanno Cruserio I.C. interprete [volume 2 only]. Lyon: Antoine Gryphe, 1566
First edition of a new translation of the “Lives” by Hermann Cruser (Crüser, Cruyser; 1510–1575), a doctor and jurist from Campen in the Netherlands, who had studied in Paris with Guillaume Budé, attended the court of François I as envoy of the Duke of Guelders (1536–1543), afterwards undertook diplomatic missions for Herzog Wilhelm von Jülich-Cleve-Berg, and was moved to translate Plutarch by the premature death of a daughter.
Towards the end of the sixteenth-century it became fashionable for Roman patricians to exchange books as mementos of their friendship. The giver’s name and arms customarily were placed on the lower cover, and those of the recipient on the upper cover. The earlier of such Roman “friendship bindings” are simply decorated: for instance, two with the Jacobilli family arms and initials G.I. on their lower covers, and Capranica arms and initials C.C. on upper covers (for one, see Gaius Sallustius Crispus, De L. Sergii Catilinae coniuratione, & Bello Iugurthino historiae [Venice: Giovanni Griffio, 1588]; Martin Breslauer, Inc., Catalogue 107, [1984], item 262).
Later bindings are more explicit and more decorative, as, for example, two bound in the Soresini workshop having the Orlandini arms and name “Scipio Orlandi” lettered on lower covers, and Della Fonte arms and name “Ivliani Fontivs” on upper covers (for one, see Claudius Claudianus, Opera. Quorum catalogum, post eius vitam, pagina ab hac sexta, reperies [Lyon: Antoine Gryphe, 1589), Sotheby’s London, Catalogue of the … Library… of the late Michael Tomkinson, 3–7 July 1922, lot 1284); and six also bound in the Soresini workshop with the names and arms on covers of Torquato de Cupis and Giovanni Battista Crescenzi. On four of the latter, De Cupis’s name and the impaled De Cupis-Conti arms appear on the lower covers, and Crescenzi’s name and family arms on the upper covers. On the other two, these positions are reversed; one of these Cupis-Crescenzi bindings is in the Bibliotheca Brookeriana and will be offered in a future sale.
Three “friendship bindings” of Domenico Massimo and Gaspare Ruggeri are known. The present binding was presumably a gift from Domenico to Gaspare, as Domenico’s arms are on the lower cover, and Gaspare’s on the upper cover. Another binding is similar; the third presumably was gift from Gaspare to Domenico, as Gaspare’s name and arms appear on the lower cover.
Domenico Massimo was born in Rome in 1574, the eldest son of Alessandro Massimo (d. 1626) and Olimpia de Cupis. He held multiple offices in the municipal administration, and when Federico Colonna, Príncipe de Butera, was appointed viceroy of Valencia, Domenico accompanied him to Spain, and died in Madrid in 1640. Gaspare Ruggeri was born in Rome in 1572, the second of three sons of Pompeo Ruggeri (Ruggieri), Camerarius of the Compagnia del SS. Salvatore ad Sancta Sanctorum (1590), and Cangenua Miccinelli (d. 1596). He married Firmina Cansacchi, took on Capitoline offices, and embarked on a military career in the papal troops. After his father’s death, in 1591, Gaspare inherited a third-share in the magnificent Palazzo Ruggeri, “Il Palazzo del leone rampante”, designed by Giacomo della Porta (1588), and decorated (frescoes in 11 rooms) by Cherubino and Giovanni Alberti (1591–1592), with the stipulation that the palace was to be donated to the Compagnia del SS. Salvatore in the event no family members were left to inherit it. This became reality with the death of the childless Gaspare on 22 July 1657.
Domenico Massimo-Gaspare Ruggeri Bindings
I. Ruggeri’s name on upper cover:(1) Pindarus, Olympia. Pythia. Nemea. Isthmia. Cæterorum octo lyricorum carmina. Editio secunda græcolatina, H. Stephani recognitione locupletata ([Genève]: Henri II Estienne, 1566). Domenico Massimo (1574–1640). Rome, Biblioteca Angelica, F.ANT OO.240.Cento belle legature italiane esposte nella biblioteca Naz. Marciana di Venezia, Primo Congresso mondiale delle biblioteche e di bibliografia, Roma-Venezia 15-30 giugno MCMXXIX-a.VII (Rome 1929), p.38 no. 66.
(2) Plutarchus, Plutarchi Cheronaei philosophi et historici Vitae comparatae illustrium virorum Graecorum & Romanorum, ita digestae et in tomos tres dispertitae, ut temporum ordo seriesque constet. Hermanno Cruserio I.C. interprete (Lyon: Antoine Gryphe, 1566). Domenico Massimo (1574–1640). The volume offered here.
II. Massimo’s name on upper cover:(3) Giovanni Boccaccio Il Decamerone di m. Giouan Boccaccio, alla sua intera perfettione ridotto, et con dichiarationi et auuertimenti illustrato, per Girolamo Ruscelli Ora in questa terza editione dal medesimo per tutto migliorato (Venice: Vincenzo Valgrisi & Baldassarre Costantini, 1557. Gaspare Ruggeri (Ruggieri; 1572–1657). — Joseph Smith (1682-1770), exlibris; S. Baker and G. Leigh, Bibliotheca Smithiana, a catalogue of the curious, elegant and very valuable library of Joseph Smith, Esq., his Britannick Majesty’s Consul of Venice, lately deceased, London, 25 January-7 February 1773, lot 275 — Thomas Crofts (1722-1781); Samuel Paterson, Bibliotheca Croftsiana. A catalogue of the curious and distinguished library of the late Reverent and learned Thomas Crofts, London, 7 April-27 May 1783, lot 3986 — unidentified owner - bought in sale (15s) — Frederick Nicolay (1728-1809), inscription “Fred. Nicolay” on title-page; Leigh & S. Sotheby, A catalogue of the very elegant library of the late Fred. Nicolay, Esq. of St. James’s Palace, London, 29 November 1809, lot 439 — Richard Heber (1773-1833) - bought in sale (£1); Sotheby & Son, Bibliotheca Heberiana. Catalogue of the library of the late Richard Heber, Esq. Part the ninth. Removed from Hodnet Hall, London, 11-26 April 1836, lot 402 — Thorpe - bought in sale (17s) — Giuseppe Martini Lugano (Libreria antiquaria Ulrico Hoepli & Galerie Fischer, Lucerne, Bibliothèque Joseph Martini. Première partie: Livres rares et précieux d’autres provenances, 27–29 August 1934, lot 33 & Pl. 43. Current location not traced.
16mo (122 x 76 mm). Roman type, 34 lines plus headline, italic shoulder notes. collation: Aa8 B–Z8 AA–ZZ8 AAA–MMM8 NNN4: 468 leaves. Woodcut printer’s device on title-page, woodcut initials, type-ornament headpieces. (Some browning throughout, bit of marginal dampstaining at end, a few marginal wormholes.)
binding: Roman brown goatskin (126 x 91 mm), 1590s, by the Soresini Bindery, apparently commissioned by Domenico Massimo for presentation to Gaspare Ruggeri, richly gilt, border of 2 gilt fillets, panel with swirling leaves and tendrils with stars, circles, and leaves in interstices, on upper cover arms of Ruggeri, encircled by his name, on lower cover arms of Massimo, encircled by his name, spine with 3 bands, compartments with repeated gilt addorsed Cs, edges gilt and gauffered to leafy pattern heightened by pink enamel. (Some repair to corners, chip to headband, a few small wormholes.)
provenance: Domenico Massimo (1574–1640; armorial supralibros, his insignia encircled by “Dominicus Maximus” on lower cover), give to — Gaspare Ruggeri (Ruggieri; 1572–1657; armorial supralibros, his insignia encircled by “Gaspar Roggerius” on upper cover) — Édouard Giard & Georges Andrieux, Paris, 22 December 1927, lot 94, purchased by — unidentified owner (FF 1150). acquisition: Purchased from Phillp J. Pirages, McMinnville, 2000.
references: FB 83414; USTC 139658; Baudrier, VIII, p. 348; Gültlingen, XIV, p. 149: 35.
Plutarchus. Plutarchi Cheronaei philosophi et historici Vitae comparatae illustrium virorum Graecorum & Romanorum, ita digestae et in tomos tres dispertitae, ut temporum ordo seriesque constet. Hermanno Cruserio I.C. interprete [volume 2 only]. Lyon: Antoine Gryphe, 1566
First edition of a new translation of the “Lives” by Hermann Cruser (Crüser, Cruyser; 1510–1575), a doctor and jurist from Campen in the Netherlands, who had studied in Paris with Guillaume Budé, attended the court of François I as envoy of the Duke of Guelders (1536–1543), afterwards undertook diplomatic missions for Herzog Wilhelm von Jülich-Cleve-Berg, and was moved to translate Plutarch by the premature death of a daughter.
Towards the end of the sixteenth-century it became fashionable for Roman patricians to exchange books as mementos of their friendship. The giver’s name and arms customarily were placed on the lower cover, and those of the recipient on the upper cover. The earlier of such Roman “friendship bindings” are simply decorated: for instance, two with the Jacobilli family arms and initials G.I. on their lower covers, and Capranica arms and initials C.C. on upper covers (for one, see Gaius Sallustius Crispus, De L. Sergii Catilinae coniuratione, & Bello Iugurthino historiae [Venice: Giovanni Griffio, 1588]; Martin Breslauer, Inc., Catalogue 107, [1984], item 262).
Later bindings are more explicit and more decorative, as, for example, two bound in the Soresini workshop having the Orlandini arms and name “Scipio Orlandi” lettered on lower covers, and Della Fonte arms and name “Ivliani Fontivs” on upper covers (for one, see Claudius Claudianus, Opera. Quorum catalogum, post eius vitam, pagina ab hac sexta, reperies [Lyon: Antoine Gryphe, 1589), Sotheby’s London, Catalogue of the … Library… of the late Michael Tomkinson, 3–7 July 1922, lot 1284); and six also bound in the Soresini workshop with the names and arms on covers of Torquato de Cupis and Giovanni Battista Crescenzi. On four of the latter, De Cupis’s name and the impaled De Cupis-Conti arms appear on the lower covers, and Crescenzi’s name and family arms on the upper covers. On the other two, these positions are reversed; one of these Cupis-Crescenzi bindings is in the Bibliotheca Brookeriana and will be offered in a future sale.
Three “friendship bindings” of Domenico Massimo and Gaspare Ruggeri are known. The present binding was presumably a gift from Domenico to Gaspare, as Domenico’s arms are on the lower cover, and Gaspare’s on the upper cover. Another binding is similar; the third presumably was gift from Gaspare to Domenico, as Gaspare’s name and arms appear on the lower cover.
Domenico Massimo was born in Rome in 1574, the eldest son of Alessandro Massimo (d. 1626) and Olimpia de Cupis. He held multiple offices in the municipal administration, and when Federico Colonna, Príncipe de Butera, was appointed viceroy of Valencia, Domenico accompanied him to Spain, and died in Madrid in 1640. Gaspare Ruggeri was born in Rome in 1572, the second of three sons of Pompeo Ruggeri (Ruggieri), Camerarius of the Compagnia del SS. Salvatore ad Sancta Sanctorum (1590), and Cangenua Miccinelli (d. 1596). He married Firmina Cansacchi, took on Capitoline offices, and embarked on a military career in the papal troops. After his father’s death, in 1591, Gaspare inherited a third-share in the magnificent Palazzo Ruggeri, “Il Palazzo del leone rampante”, designed by Giacomo della Porta (1588), and decorated (frescoes in 11 rooms) by Cherubino and Giovanni Alberti (1591–1592), with the stipulation that the palace was to be donated to the Compagnia del SS. Salvatore in the event no family members were left to inherit it. This became reality with the death of the childless Gaspare on 22 July 1657.
Domenico Massimo-Gaspare Ruggeri Bindings
I. Ruggeri’s name on upper cover:(1) Pindarus, Olympia. Pythia. Nemea. Isthmia. Cæterorum octo lyricorum carmina. Editio secunda græcolatina, H. Stephani recognitione locupletata ([Genève]: Henri II Estienne, 1566). Domenico Massimo (1574–1640). Rome, Biblioteca Angelica, F.ANT OO.240.Cento belle legature italiane esposte nella biblioteca Naz. Marciana di Venezia, Primo Congresso mondiale delle biblioteche e di bibliografia, Roma-Venezia 15-30 giugno MCMXXIX-a.VII (Rome 1929), p.38 no. 66.
(2) Plutarchus, Plutarchi Cheronaei philosophi et historici Vitae comparatae illustrium virorum Graecorum & Romanorum, ita digestae et in tomos tres dispertitae, ut temporum ordo seriesque constet. Hermanno Cruserio I.C. interprete (Lyon: Antoine Gryphe, 1566). Domenico Massimo (1574–1640). The volume offered here.
II. Massimo’s name on upper cover:(3) Giovanni Boccaccio Il Decamerone di m. Giouan Boccaccio, alla sua intera perfettione ridotto, et con dichiarationi et auuertimenti illustrato, per Girolamo Ruscelli Ora in questa terza editione dal medesimo per tutto migliorato (Venice: Vincenzo Valgrisi & Baldassarre Costantini, 1557. Gaspare Ruggeri (Ruggieri; 1572–1657). — Joseph Smith (1682-1770), exlibris; S. Baker and G. Leigh, Bibliotheca Smithiana, a catalogue of the curious, elegant and very valuable library of Joseph Smith, Esq., his Britannick Majesty’s Consul of Venice, lately deceased, London, 25 January-7 February 1773, lot 275 — Thomas Crofts (1722-1781); Samuel Paterson, Bibliotheca Croftsiana. A catalogue of the curious and distinguished library of the late Reverent and learned Thomas Crofts, London, 7 April-27 May 1783, lot 3986 — unidentified owner - bought in sale (15s) — Frederick Nicolay (1728-1809), inscription “Fred. Nicolay” on title-page; Leigh & S. Sotheby, A catalogue of the very elegant library of the late Fred. Nicolay, Esq. of St. James’s Palace, London, 29 November 1809, lot 439 — Richard Heber (1773-1833) - bought in sale (£1); Sotheby & Son, Bibliotheca Heberiana. Catalogue of the library of the late Richard Heber, Esq. Part the ninth. Removed from Hodnet Hall, London, 11-26 April 1836, lot 402 — Thorpe - bought in sale (17s) — Giuseppe Martini Lugano (Libreria antiquaria Ulrico Hoepli & Galerie Fischer, Lucerne, Bibliothèque Joseph Martini. Première partie: Livres rares et précieux d’autres provenances, 27–29 August 1934, lot 33 & Pl. 43. Current location not traced.
16mo (122 x 76 mm). Roman type, 34 lines plus headline, italic shoulder notes. collation: Aa8 B–Z8 AA–ZZ8 AAA–MMM8 NNN4: 468 leaves. Woodcut printer’s device on title-page, woodcut initials, type-ornament headpieces. (Some browning throughout, bit of marginal dampstaining at end, a few marginal wormholes.)
binding: Roman brown goatskin (126 x 91 mm), 1590s, by the Soresini Bindery, apparently commissioned by Domenico Massimo for presentation to Gaspare Ruggeri, richly gilt, border of 2 gilt fillets, panel with swirling leaves and tendrils with stars, circles, and leaves in interstices, on upper cover arms of Ruggeri, encircled by his name, on lower cover arms of Massimo, encircled by his name, spine with 3 bands, compartments with repeated gilt addorsed Cs, edges gilt and gauffered to leafy pattern heightened by pink enamel. (Some repair to corners, chip to headband, a few small wormholes.)
provenance: Domenico Massimo (1574–1640; armorial supralibros, his insignia encircled by “Dominicus Maximus” on lower cover), give to — Gaspare Ruggeri (Ruggieri; 1572–1657; armorial supralibros, his insignia encircled by “Gaspar Roggerius” on upper cover) — Édouard Giard & Georges Andrieux, Paris, 22 December 1927, lot 94, purchased by — unidentified owner (FF 1150). acquisition: Purchased from Phillp J. Pirages, McMinnville, 2000.
references: FB 83414; USTC 139658; Baudrier, VIII, p. 348; Gültlingen, XIV, p. 149: 35.
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